Written by George Grow
This is the VOA SpecialEnglish ENVIRONMENT REPORT.
American scientists have found strong evidence that baby seaturtles are born with the ability to recognize and measure Earth'smagnetic fields. They found that the sea turtles use the magneticfields to guide them as they swim great distances across the ocean.
Scientists at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill didthe research. Science magazine reported the findings.
The scientists say the baby sea turtle is one of the greatwonders of the animal world. Baby turtles swim directly to the opensea shortly after breaking out of their eggs. The young turtlesfollow complex paths that often lead across large areas of seeminglyendless ocean. Baby sea turtles swim across the Atlantic Ocean andback all by themselves. People have wondered for years how they dothis.
The longest and most surprising trips are made by youngloggerhead turtles. Young loggerheads in the North Atlantic Oceanswim more than fifteen-thousand kilometers across the ocean beforereturning to the North American coast.
Loggerheads in the state of Florida follow a huge, circularcurrent of warm water known as the North Atlantic gyre. The gyremoves from the East Coast of the United States across the NorthAtlantic and then south along the coasts of Spain and Africa beforeturning west to complete the circle. Water in the gyre is generallywarm and food there is plentiful. Turtles that leave the gyre oftendie from the cold water.
The scientists wanted to find out if baby loggerhead turtlescould recognize the magnetic fields in different parts of the NorthAtlantic gyre. They used turtles that had never been at sea before.They placed the turtles in a container filled with saltwater. Theyput wires around the container. The wires produced magnetic fieldssimilar to those found in different parts of the gyre.
Whenever the turtles were in a magnetic field like that found inthe ocean, they swam in a direction that would keep them in the warmcurrent.
One of the scientists, Kenneth Lohmann, says the findings providedirect evidence that turtles can use Earth's magnetic fields asmarkers. He says similar systems might exist in other oceancreatures and even some birds.
This VOA Special English ENVIRONMENT REPORT was written by GeorgeGrow.
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